Trading certain financial instruments outside regular market hours during weekends.

A premium crude oil benchmark widely used in global energy pricing.

An instruction to execute a trade when an asset reaches a specified price.

Another name for VWAP — the average trading price weighted by volume.

The final trading hour when options and futures expire, often causing high volatility.

A metric estimating the maximum expected loss of a portfolio over a specified period at a given confidence level.

The income earned from an investment, expressed as a percentage.

Expenses that fluctuate based on trading activity, such as transaction fees and commissions.

A graph showing interest rates across different bond maturities.

A measure of an option’s sensitivity to changes in implied volatility.