Means the sale of a security by a person who does not own it at the time of entering into the contract.

A strategy aiming to capture short- to medium-term price movements by holding assets for days to weeks.

A high-frequency strategy seeking profit from small price movements, often executing multiple trades within minutes.

Spain 35, or IBEX 35, is Spain’s benchmark index tracking the 35 most liquid Spanish companies.

The smallest possible price movement of a financial instrument.

The portion of an option’s price that reflects potential future profit based on time until expiration.

A method of predicting future market movements by analyzing historical price data and chart patterns.

Return on Equity — profitability ratio comparing net income to shareholders’ equity.

The difference between an asset’s highest and lowest prices over a period.

The S&P 500 is a benchmark index tracking 500 of the largest publicly traded US companies, widely used to gauge market trends.