Risk of unpredictable price swings due to market volatility.

Risk that large orders cannot be executed without moving market prices due to low liquidity.

A premium crude oil benchmark widely used in global energy pricing.

Return on Equity — profitability ratio comparing net income to shareholders’ equity.

The difference between an asset’s highest and lowest prices over a period.

Relative Strength Index — a momentum oscillator used to identify overbought or oversold conditions.

A stop loss is an order placed to automatically sell an asset when it reaches a predetermined price, helping traders limit potential losses.

The spread is the difference between the bid and ask price of a financial instrument, reflecting trading costs and market liquidity.

A spot trade is the purchase or sale of a financial instrument for immediate delivery at the current market price.

The S&P 500 is a benchmark index tracking 500 of the largest publicly traded US companies, widely used to gauge market trends.