A standardized agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a future date, used for hedging and speculation.

A bull market refers to a financial market or asset on a sustained upward trend, marked by investor confidence and optimism.

Specific formations in candlestick charts that traders analyze to anticipate potential market movements.

A deliberate reduction in a nation’s currency value to improve trade competitiveness.

bear market describes a prolonged downward trend, driven by pessimism and declining prices.

The national authority managing monetary policy, regulating banks, controlling inflation, and stabilizing the currency.

A condition where expenses exceed income over a period.

A bar chart showing an asset’s open, high, low, and close prices over a period.

The act of selling off assets in panic during a market downturn, often signaling the end of a decline.

The calculation or basis from which a financial value or instrument is determined.