The spread is the difference between the bid and ask price of a financial instrument, reflecting trading costs and market liquidity.

A stock that cannot be borrowed for short selling due to limited supply.

Consumer spending on goods and services, a key indicator of market health.

A spot trade is the purchase or sale of a financial instrument for immediate delivery at the current market price.

A bundle of assets sold as one investment, often used in unit trusts.

Allows existing shareholders to buy additional shares at a discount before public offering.

The S&P 500 is a benchmark index tracking 500 of the largest publicly traded US companies, widely used to gauge market trends.

A fund pooling investor money to manage a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other assets.

The Retail Price Index tracking inflation and changes in the cost of living.

A shadow stock is a publicly listed company with low trading volumes and limited analyst coverage.